Windows 10 does not load. Windows does not load after installing updates. "Corrupted" applications in autorun

31.01.2022

The new Windows 10 operating system from Microsoft has already gained popularity among millions of PC users around the world. But like all new products, Windows 10 is not without flaws. Many users of this OS experience bootloader problems. Most often, this problem occurs due to a new operating system update policy.

Now in Windows 10 you cannot turn off updates, as it was in Windows 7 and XP.

The very same problem with the bootloader manifests itself when the user does not wait for the system update to finish and turns it off the POWER button.

After the user turns on the computer again, he meets such a message on the screen of his monitor.

This message indicates that your bootloader is corrupted and needs to be repaired. It is also worth noting that turning off the computer during the update is not the only reason for the breakdown. The bootloader can still be damaged viruses and various malware. Another fairly common cause of failure is faulty HDD, which are bad sectors, that is, the boot record will be located on these sectors. Also, the cause of the bootloader crash can be installing a junior OS on top of Windows 10. To help our readers restore the bootloader, below we have prepared examples in which we will describe in detail how to restore it.

The easiest way to recover

When a PC user sees a message about a bootloader malfunction, the first question that arises for a PC user is how to restore the Windows 10 bootloader. In this example, we will describe the easiest way to restore it. For this example, we need .

If you do not have this disk and Internet access, you can make it on another computer with the same OS.

You can also use the original Windows 10 installation disc for this task. Well, let's get started. Insert the recovery disk into the drive and boot from it when the computer starts.

In the first window of the Recovery Disk Wizard, you must specify keyboard layout, which will open the wizard menu.

In this window, we will select the second tab " Troubleshooting” and immediately go to the next “”.

In the additional parameters, we are interested in the "" tab. After clicking on this link, the wizard will ask you to select an OS to restore its launch.

The computer under test has one Windows 10 operating system installed, so there is only one choice in the wizard. Once the OS is selected, the system will begin troubleshooting the computer and should repair the corrupted bootloader.

If using this method you fail to return Windows 10 to working order, then in the following examples we will describe the detailed process of restoring the boot sector using system utilities diskpart And BCDboot.

Restoring the Windows 10 bootloader using the command line

For this method, we also need Windows 10 recovery disk. Let's boot from the disk, as in the previous example up to the item "". In this menu, we are interested in the "" tab, which we will go to.

First of all, we will run the console utility on the command line diskpart. To do this, in the console, enter the command diskpart

We need this tool for display information about all local drives in the system. Now we need to find the bootloader partition number. This is usually a hidden partition that takes up 500 MB. This partition is created automatically by the Windows 10 installer. Next, to search for it in DiskPart, we will enter the list volume command

From the image you can see that the partition with the boot record is in the first volume on drive C. Also in the image you can see that Windows 10 itself is installed on drive D. Now we must exit the disk program. You can do this with the exit command.

After exiting DiskPart, enter the command bcdboot.exe D:\Windows Also note that the command uses drive D, since it is on it that ten is installed.

This command completely restored dozens of boot files. The principle of this command is to use the utility BCDboot. The developers specifically created this utility to work with Windows boot files. It is also worth noting that thanks to the same utility, the Windows installer creates a hidden partition and copies boot files to it.

Restoring the Windows 10 bootloader using the command line (Method two)

In the second method, we will also use the utilities diskpart And BCDboot and try to overwrite the bootloader. To do this, run DiskPart and find out on which disk our hidden partition and the partition on which Windows 10 is installed are located. The launch of this utility is described above.

Now we need to format the hidden partition, which is located in the first volume. To do this, we will type the select volume 1 command, which will select our hidden encrypted partition with a size of 500 MB.

The next step is to format the selected partition. This is done in order to erase all files from it. For this operation, enter the command in the console format fs=FAT32

After formatting our partition, we will exit the disk utility and enter the new bcdboot.exe D:\Windows command that was entered in the previous example.

This command will not fix the bootloader files as in the previous example, but create new. As you already understood, this method is used if the first one did not work.

Another Way to Repair Windows 10 Boot Using Command Prompt

This method requires a utility bootrec. Unlike the previous utility, this utility does not restore bootloader files, but restore boot record. That is, she restores the MBR- the first sector on the HDD. It is very important for the operating system that the MBR is safe and sound. When the computer starts, its BIOS first of all looks for the MBR to start the operating system from it. For this example, let's start, as in the previous examples, the command line. The utility in question has two main commands /FixMbr and /FixBoot The first command is required to fix MBR, and the second creates a new. First of all, consider the situation when our MBR is damaged. To do this, enter the first command in the console.

In the image above, you can see that the operation was successful, which means that the MBR has been restored.

Now consider a situation where the first method does not work, that is, we will create a new MBR sector. To do this, we use the second command.

From the image above, you can see that the new MBR sector was created successfully.

The examples show how easy it is to restore the MBR sector using the Bootrec console utility. If you have problem with start m Windows 10, we recommend using this example first.

We clean the system from malware before restoring the bootloader

If malware is the cause of the bootloader crash, then this malicious code must be removed before recovery. It will help you in this situation. This is a rescue disk has a lot of tools for restoring a computer, as well as treating it from viruses. You can download Dr.Web LiveDisk on its official website www.drweb.ru. This Live CD is based on linux and is free. This disc is distributed as an ISO image that can be burned to either an optical disc or a USB flash drive. After burning the image to disk, launch Dr.Web LiveDisk.

Select the first item in the start menu and continue downloading Dr.Web LiveDisk. After a few seconds, the OS based on Linux, which is actually Dr.Web LiveDisk, should start up.

In this operating system, you can completely clean your computer of viruses and even make a backup of all information.

Also useful is the fact that this OS has full Internet support and a built-in browser Firefox.

Summing up

In conclusion, I would like to say that if you know all the intricacies of bootloader recovery, then you can quickly fix your computer. It is also worth paying attention to the situation when it is impossible to restore the boot sector and the bootloader itself. In this case, you need to play it safe and use the tools of a full system restore. These means are full system image, created by means of the Windows 10 OS itself, as well as a program such as Acronis True Image. We hope that our material will help you restore the bootloader from the MBR, and the computer will function as before.

What is the reason

If the latest operating system does not work, then . Among them:

incorrect operation of hardware drivers (often video cards, less often other components);
damage to system files (in case of updating Windows from an old version);
program conflict (also when updating).

By the way: this can happen due to the connected second monitor (in this case, the image simply does not work). Therefore, if this is your case, turn off the second display and reboot. May I help.

If there is only one monitor and the system is not working, the first thing to take care of is to try to start the freshly installed OS in safe mode. From there it will be possible to configure Windows settings.

But first, some experts recommend checking if the problem is the result of a malfunctioning video card driver. In this case, the system starts up, just does not display the picture on the display. And since it is fully functional, you can load the desktop and do some manipulations blindly.

Worth trying to reboot. This can also be done “barbarically” - by clicking on a button, but it’s better to do the following, carefully monitoring which keys you press:

Press Backspace a few times.
Enter the password to log in to the system (you may need to switch the layout - the key combination Win (with the Windows logo) + Space should work).
Wait a minute or two (for the OS to boot to 100% if it starts at all).
Press Win+R to launch Command Prompt.
Without touching the mouse, type the command shutdown / r from the keyboard and press Enter.
Wait 10 seconds and press Enter again.

If the problem was really the video driver, the computer will restart and you will see a working screen (probably). In such cases, the cause is a conflict with the so-called Windows 10 fast startup, and the only way to avoid repeating the error is to disable it, replacing it with a normal startup and full shutdown of the PC.

If nothing happens when doing the above manipulations, you can take a chance and turn off the PC by holding down the power button. If the image appears when you restart it, do not put it off for later, launch the control panel: there you will find the settings for the actions of the power buttons (in the “Power Options” section).

How to Start Windows in Safe Mode

Safe mode is called so because in it the system loads only programs from Microsoft itself and nothing else. By starting the system in safe mode, you can remove the “wrong” video driver or other program that you think may be causing the operating system to start up conflicts.

It's good if Windows 10 greets you with a visual error message, and not just a black screen. In the first case, you can turn on the safe mode visually, and in the second, you will again have to act blindly. You need to know the exact places of all buttons and inscriptions in order to navigate with arrows and how many times to press the "Enter" key.

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If Windows 10 does not start, then remember what you installed on the system before. This will help you find the cause and fix it.

First steps

First you need to remove all devices from the computer: disks, "", memory cards. Check if there is power.

Hanging when loading the operating system (OS) is mainly due to damage to the boot sector. Common causes:

Viruses.
Incorrect updates.
Installing new programs.

Viruses will help destroy the boot disk of Kaspersky Rescue. If you reinstalled the OS with a complete defragmentation of drive C, do not forget to check the rest of the hard drive partitions for viruses after entering Windows.

How to solve the blue screen problem in Win 10

If a blue screen appears when you start the OS instead of loading the graphical shell, then some kind of problem has occurred, and the system offers ways to fix it. There are several. The most effective is the following option.

Rewriting

From the proposed methods for solving the problem, select "Diagnostics".

The window will change. Then select Restore.

This will overwrite all system data. You will need an installation disk or flash drive. The same process will take place as when installing Windows 10 with one difference: the OS is not removed, and the files of the new system will be poured over the old ones with replacement.

This will fix corrupted files, drivers and boot sector. All your data, folders, photos, videos, music on C and other drives will be saved. This feature should not be confused with the restore that is launched from the control panel when a revert to a previous configuration occurs.

Update

If the previous method did not help, then in the "Diagnostics" window, select "Revert to original state". This option will wipe the system and install it in a new way. But you can save the files that are in the user profile. To do this, click "Keep my files".

Either of the two described options fixes the OS boot. But you can try other methods.

Extra options

The third in "Diagnostics" is the "Advanced Options" button. Click it and you will see a whole list of options for booting Windows 10.

Return to the old configuration

Clicking the "System Restore" button will return you to the previous configuration if you have restore points. In the next window, click "Next".

Then choose a restore point.

The system should boot on its own after reverting to the previous configuration.

But if there are no saved points, then you need to configure their automatic creation in the future. To do this, right-click on the C drive in Explorer and select "Properties" from the context menu. A window like this will appear.

Select drive C and click "Settings".

In the new window, check the box "Enable protection ...". Use the slider to adjust the size you allow Windows 10 to use for restore points.

Using an OS Image

The second button in the "Advanced Options" (see the figure at the beginning of the chapter) allows you to restore from a system image, if it was created earlier. To do this, just click this button and specify the location of the image file. Windows 10 will do the rest on its own.

If there is no such file, create it for the future. In the control panel, find and enter "Backup".

This method is disadvantageous in that it takes up a lot of disk space.

Safe mode

Clicking in the "Advanced Options" button on the right "Boot Options", you will see the login options.

Navigate to safe mode using the arrow keys. If, after pressing Enter, the download is successful, then incorrect drivers prevent you from entering Windiws 10 in the usual way.

A lot is done in safe mode: it checks the system with an antivirus, removes programs that, in your opinion, ruined the download. If this is not enough, restore the OS using the methods described earlier.

More ways

When you click the "Startup Repair" button in the "Advanced Options", automatic troubleshooting occurs.

This method and the one that involves using the command line rarely give positive results, but they kill a lot of time.

For desperate users, there is a "Return to previous build" button at the bottom right. Using it, the user switches to the operating system that was up to the "ten".

If the blue screen does not appear when the download hangs, then it can be forced by rebooting. To do this, follow these steps:

Click the Reset button.
Otherwise, turn off the power to the PC. Reapply power and start the computer.
Hold down the Shift key while loading.

If the above methods did not help, then it is better to reinstall the OS by inserting the installation disc into the DVD drive and booting from it.

In preparation for installing Windows 10, or during the process itself, there may be issues that prevent you from completing the upgrade process. There are times when the installation freezes, interrupts, gives an error and other similar situations, which you can get out of on your own using the instructions below.

Problems before the installation of the system

To install the system, you need installation media, which is recommended to be created using the official Microsoft program. After you install it, go through the first steps with choosing the parameters and bit depth of the system, you will be prompted to choose which of the connected media to turn into installation media. The list provided by the program may not contain the flash drive that you wanted to use to further install Windows 10. This may happen for the following reasons:

the flash drive was not properly prepared. The flash drive must be empty, formatted in FAT32 or NTFS format and have at least 4 GB of total capacity. If at least one of the parameters is not met, then the Windows 10 setup program will not see the flash drive;
The USB port into which the flash drive is plugged is faulty, try moving it to another port and check the result, remembering to restart the program;
restart the computer, it is possible that some incomplete operations are being performed with the flash drive, so you cannot work with it, and after restarting the device they will all be completed;
check if the computer itself sees the flash drive, if not, then the problem and the reason lies in it;
if all else fails, then replace the USB flash drive or use any other way to turn it into installation media, for example, download a system image and burn it manually.

Endless updates

If, during the process of creating bootable media with a new operating system, updates are searched for indefinitely, you must close the update center:

Problems during installation

All of the following errors and problems occur during installation: freezing, interruption, incorrect process summary, etc.

The disk has an MBR partition table.

This error occurs during the selection of a disk or its partition allocated for the installation of the operating system itself. It appears due to the fact that the hard drive is formatted in a format that does not correspond to the mode that is set in the BIOS. There are two ways to get rid of this error: change the operating mode in the BIOS or reformat the disk. The second option is recommended, since the default mode selected in the BIOS is the most optimal. You can reformat the disk in the standard way, but at the same time losing all data from it, or using a third-party program, while interrupting the installation process, but retaining all the information.

Error "Windows cannot be installed to this drive. The selected disk has an MBR partition table"

BIOS setting changes

By default, the EFI mode is enabled in the BIOS, which only works with disks in GPT format. Since your drive is in MBR format, you will need to change the mode to Legacy. To do this, turn off the computer, start turning it on, and as soon as the first signs of loading appear, press the F11, F12 or ESC key to activate the Boot Menu. Which of the possible buttons will be assigned in your case is described in a small footnote that appeared on the screen during the start of the download. In the drop-down list, you will need to select your flash drive, but without the prefix UEFI or EFI in the name.

We change the boot order so that the USB flash drive without UEFI and EFI is in the first place

You can also change the boot order in the BIOS itself, in the Boot or "Download" section, putting the name of the flash drive without UEFI and EFI prefixes in the first place. After that, it remains only to exit the Boot Menu or BIOS, after saving the new settings. Done, you can continue installing Windows.

We put the flash drive without the UEFI and EFI prefix in the first place

Changing the disk format to MBR using the standard method

Format changes will be made through the command line. The disadvantage of this method is that you will have to delete all the data that is on the disks, so copy it to another medium in advance to save it.

Changing the disk format to MBR using a third-party program

To convert using a third-party program, you can use the Minitool Partition Wizard Bootable application, the image of which must be downloaded from the official website of the developer and written to a USB flash drive formatted in FAT32 format. The advantage of this method is that you don't have to delete data from the disk to convert it.

After the disk is converted to GPT format, enter the Boot Menu again and boot from the installation media to return to installing Windows 10.

System won't install on SSD drive

The reason why you can't install Windows on an SSD drive is most likely because the BIOS is set to IDE mode instead of the required ACHI. To fix this, follow these steps:

While turning on the computer, press the Delete key on the keyboard several times to enter the BIOS. Another button can be used to enter the settings menu, it depends on the model of the motherboard, but during the boot of the computer, a footnote appears on the screen that will tell you how to enter the BIOS.
We enter the BIOS
After entering the BIOS, you will see either the standard BIOS or a newer UEFI version of it. There are also options for the presence of the Russian language and its absence. Sections in different BIOS versions can be called differently, so your main task is to find the mode switch from IDE to ACHI. In one version of UEFI, this is done like this: first go to the Setting section.
Go to the Settings section
Go to advanced settings.
Open advanced settings
Open the Embedded Peripherals subsection.
We enter the section "Embedded Peripherals"
In the "SATA Configuration" block, find the desired line and change the mode to ACHI. Done, it remains to exit the BIOS, saving all the changes made, and you can return to installing a new OS.
Change SATA mode to ACHI

If changing the mode did not help, then the reason can be searched for in the following parameters:

there are several disks connected to the computer, this may cause the installation to fail, so leave only one of them and try the installation again;
the flash drive from which the installation is being performed was formatted in NTFS format, and not in FAT32, suitable for SSD drives. In this case, you need to reformat the media again and write the system image to it again;
if none of the above helped, then try installing from a disk, sometimes this helps solve the problem.

Blue screen appears during installation

A blue screen with text and a description of the error occurs if the installer has encountered an insurmountable error and cannot continue the process. In this case, it will automatically erase all already installed update files and roll back the system to the moment when the installation procedure has not yet been started.

Installation aborted due to blue screen

After the rollback is over, you can restart the installation. Perhaps this time it will be stable. If not, the blue screen reappeared, you need to return to the system that already exists on the disk and delete all unnecessary applications in it and turn off all unnecessary devices connected to the computer. Most likely, the system cannot install updates correctly precisely because of third-party programs and devices.

If this does not help, then copy all important information from the disk to third-party media, and proceed to the manual installation, during which you can delete all information from the disk. So do it, erase all data from the disk partitions and install Windows 10 on a clean partition.

Black screen appears during installation

If during the installation of the system a black screen appears, on which nothing is displayed or only the mouse cursor is displayed, then there may be several reasons for this behavior of the computer:

But before you solve the problem, just wait, perhaps the system is still performing the update process in the background. Thinking that it's time to solve the problem manually is worth it only if the black screen does not move for more than half an hour.

Driver update

To enter safe mode, we will use the command line. To call it, return to the Windows 10 setup program again, to do this, turn off the computer by holding the Power button for 10-15 seconds, and turn it on. Once the program is open, use the key combination Shift+F10 to launch the command prompt.
Activate the command line with the combination Shift + F10
Run the command bcdedit / set (default) safeboot network, then the command shutdown / r and, when asked, confirm the action by pressing the Enter key again. The computer will restart on its own and turn on in safe mode.
We execute the commands bcdedit / set (default) safeboot network and shutdown / r
When the power-up is completed, open the device manager, find the video card in the general list and, by right-clicking on it, select "Update drivers". Go through the automatic update process, or if the computer cannot find the drivers itself, download them from the official website of the company that created the video card and install them manually. Update video card drivers manually or automatically
After the driver update is finished, launch a command prompt as an administrator, run the bcdedit (default) /deletevalue safeboot command to disable automatic startup in safe mode, turn off the computer and return to the Windows 10 upgrade process.
We execute the command bcdedit (default) / deletevalue safeboot

What to do if the installation process freezes

The installation process may hang at the following stages:

when the Windows logo appears;
at the stage of preparing files;
right during the installation, when the screen shows that the process is completed by 0, 10, 99, 32% or some other percentage.

Keep in mind that the installation process can stay at one percent for up to several hours if the computer is not particularly powerful or overloaded with files. Therefore, first wait at least two hours, and only if nothing happens after that, you can proceed to manually fix the problem.

It is impossible to say unequivocally why the hang happened in your case, so check all the options that can cause the hang, one by one:

Disconnect all unnecessary devices from the computer, leave only the keyboard, mouse and monitor connected. Also take out the extra SATA cables going to the CD port and USB stick.
Check that the BIOS settings are correct and that the installation media format is correct. Remember that for SSD and HDD disk, BIOS and UEFI, GTP and MBR format, the parameters will be different. Somewhere you need to enable ACHI mode, and somewhere IDE, somewhere you need to format it in FAT32, and somewhere in NTFS, and so on. Based on the type and format of the hard drive, as well as the BIOS version, find the specifications suitable for your assembly on the Internet and install them.
Before you upgrade to Windows 10, be sure to install all available updates on an already installed operating system. This can be done through the built-in Update Center program, which is present in both Windows 7 and Windows1, and older versions.
If the installation hangs when using a USB flash drive as installation media, then try installing from a CD.
Remember to make sure that your computer meets the minimum requirements for Windows 10, they are presented on the official Microsoft website.
If it is not possible to install the system over the old, already installed, Windows, then at the step of managing hard disk partitions, format all blocks and install Windows 10 on a completely blank disk.
If you are installing the system on a non-blank hard drive, then remove the antivirus, it may interfere with the update. Also delete all programs that make changes to the interface and other system settings of the system.

"Could not create new partition" error

When manually installing Windows, sometimes an error occurs stating that it is impossible to create or find an existing partition. It appears because there is no unallocated memory and partitions on the disk that could be given for installing the operating system. The way out of this situation is to create the necessary partitions manually. This can be done in two ways: by deleting existing partitions and creating new ones, or by shrinking existing partitions and allocating freed memory.

Error "We could not create a new or find an existing partition"

Standard method

You can delete sections and create new ones right in the same window in which you received the error.

Through the command line

Using the command line, you can not delete partitions, but compress them without losing the files that are on it.

Installation causes repeated reboot of the computer

The computer restarts during installation - this is normal, it may restart five or six times in order to correctly configure all the necessary elements. But if this operation is repeated too many times, then you need to interrupt the process manually, return to the already installed system and perform the following steps:

Installer window does not appear

If you are faced with the fact that the installation program window does not appear for you, then follow the instructions from the paragraph "What to do if the installation process freezes" described above in the article.

The installation window did not appear after booting from a USB flash drive

Device drivers not found

An error stating that device drivers were not found appears when trying to install Windows 10 for the following reasons:

A USB0 flash drive is connected to a 3.0 port, or vice versa, a USB 3.0 flash drive is connected to a 2.0 port. Switch it to the correct port and repeat the installation.
The system image was written incorrectly or was damaged initially. Rewrite it. It is better to use a non-standard Microsoft program, and burn the image using UltraISO.
Use a disk for installation, not a flash drive.

Bottom line: use a different media, port, or image to get rid of this error.

Errors with code when installing Windows 10

If errors occur during the installation of Windows, in the description of which there is a unique code, then the best way out in this situation is to search for a solution using this particular code. Based on a unique number, which usually looks something like 0xc1900101, you can find a solution just for your case. If it is not available on the Internet, then contact the official Microsoft support service and tell them this code, they will provide you with instructions on how to proceed.

During the installation of Windows 10, an error may appear with the code

Video: problems during the installation of Windows 10 and their solution

So, if errors occur during the installation of Windows 10 or the process does not reach the end, freezes or interrupts, then first of all you need to check that the BIOS, installation media and hard drive are configured correctly. The next step is to check the computer components and their drivers. The best way out is to clean the disk by formatting and install the system on a blank partition using the official Microsoft program.

And so, you have a pleasant evening at the computer - play, chat, surf the net, and Windows quickly executes your commands. All perfectly! Idyll! However, do not think that this will always be the case. Know: the insidious Windows is preparing a trick for you. She is just waiting for the moment when some urgent business overtakes you in order to ... show you a fig. More precisely - do not boot.

Windows boot failure is an ordinary phenomenon, but according to the law of meanness, it usually happens when a computer is really needed. So that the situation does not take you by surprise, it is important to prepare for it in advance. Let's talk about what to do if Windows 10 does not load, why this happens and what each user should have in order to solve this problem as quickly as possible.

Why is it not loading

The reasons for the unloadability of the "dozens" are software and hardware. Software related to the removal (damage) of boot and system files and / or registry keys responsible for starting. They are usually to blame for:

Installing another operating system on another partition of the drive (the new OS replaces the bootloader with the old one).
Experiments with disk partitions - compression, merging, splitting, formatting, and more. A typical error, which is just a consequence of this, is "" (the system loader is compressed).

Unskilled editing by hands of the system registry.
The use of various “cleaners-tweakers” to speed up and decorate the system, which “accidentally” change the registry keys responsible for starting, patch files, etc.
Incorrectly inserted Windows updates or turning off the PC during the installation of updates.
Viruses and antiviruses. Don't be surprised, the latter can do just as much harm as the former if used thoughtlessly. It's like swallowing pills indiscriminately, hoping that among them will be the right one.
Faulty hardware drivers. Loading in such cases is usually interrupted by a blue screen of death, sometimes indicating the name of the driver that caused the problem.
"Clumsy" applications in autorun. In this case, the failure occurs at the later stages of loading - shortly before the appearance of the desktop.

Hardware reasons for not starting Windows 10:

Changing the order of polling bootable media in the BIOS (the computer looks for the Windows bootloader not on the system disk, but, for example, on flash drives).
Connecting the drive to the wrong port on the motherboard on which it worked before - if the failure occurred after removing and reinstalling the hard drive in the computer. Manifested by the error INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE on the blue screen of death.

Faulty or bad connection of the system drive. Often manifested by the message "" (system loader unavailable) on a black screen. Sometimes - stops, restarts, BSoDs at any stage of loading.

RAM failure. As with disk problems, it manifests itself with reboots and blue screens at any stage of startup.
Failure of video subsystem elements. Windows may boot, but you won't see it because the screen will remain black. Sometimes the fact that the system has booted up can only be recognized by a characteristic sound.
Other hardware problems such as motherboard, peripherals, etc.

Better prepare for the worst

Since 80-90% of cases of non-starting Windows 10 are due to software failures, today's article is devoted to methods of dealing with them.

So, in order to restore the normal start of Windows, the computer must be loaded into the recovery environment. If you have previously used Windows 7, then you know that this very environment is installed on disk along with the main system. And in order to enter it, you need to open the menu of additional boot methods (by pressing F8 after turning on the computer) and go to the section " Troubleshooting».

The top ten also has a recovery environment, but since its boot time has significantly decreased compared to Windows 7, the interval when you can call up the boot menu has also become much shorter. The chance to have time to press the desired key at this time (more precisely, the combination of F8 and Shift) remained only in one case: if the system is installed on an MBR standard hard disk and the fast start option is disabled in the power settings of the PC or laptop. If the system is on an SSD or GPT hard drive, you will need bootable media.

For disaster recovery of Windows 10, it is optimal to keep its official distribution on a DVD or flash drive, and the same bit depth as installed on a PC. As an alternative, you can use the boot utility package MS DaRT 10 (Microsoft Diagnostic and Recovery Toolset for Windows 10 ).

Distributions of MS DaRT (in the past they were called "ERD Commander") are officially distributed only by paid subscription, but they are easy to find on the net. For example, on torrent trackers. Windows 10 images are available for download from the Microsoft website.

As an example, I will use the home release of the “tens”, recorded on a bootable USB flash drive, since it has everything you need.

Booting into the Windows 10 Recovery Environment

In the event of a download blockage, the “ten”, as a rule, tries to recover itself. When she succeeds, the user does not receive any notifications, it just takes longer to start the computer than usual. If it fails, a message may appear on the screen, as in the screenshot below, but more often it will just be “Malevich's square” with or without a cursor, or a blue screen of death with a sad emoticon.

The failure option shown in the screenshot can be considered relatively favorable. Clicking, " Extra options» you will be taken to the recovery environment installed on your hard drive, and you will not have to boot into it from external media. But we will consider a more severe case, when the system does not show any signs of life.

Connect the media to your computer, reboot, and make it the first boot device.

The window that you will see first after booting from a USB flash drive (DVD) will prompt you to select the system language. If Russian is selected, click " Further».

Next, you will be prompted to proceed to install or restore Windows. Click " System Restore».

On the screen " Choice of action» click « Troubleshooting". Here you are right there.

tens launch recovery options

In the recovery options section (screen " Extra options”), there are 5 subsections:

System Restore. Selecting this option launches the standard Windows utility rstrui.exe, the purpose of which is to roll back the system to one of the saved checkpoints.
Restoring a system image. Launches the Windows Deployment Wizard from a native OS backup.
Boot recovery. Fixes errors in boot files and partitions.
Command line. Allows you to run various system utilities.
Revert to a previous build. Rolls back to a previously installed OS version if it has been upgraded to Windows 10.

Rollback to checkpoint

Reverting to a newly created checkpoint is the best first aid for all kinds of system failures, including when you don't know the cause.

Clicking on the first item launches, most likely, the recovery utility you already know. It is enough to select the date and time for which you want to rollback, and follow the instructions on the screen.

To use this option, you must have at least one saved checkpoint and a properly functioning system restore function. If the latter was disabled before the failure, skip this step and try other methods.

Boot recovery

This option effectively helps in case of damage or deletion of boot files, for example, when installing an additional OS on a different disk partition after Windows 10. As well as in case of accidental formatting or other manipulations with the System Reserved partition.

Command line

The command line itself doesn't restore anything, but it gives you the ability to run other tools. So, with its help, we can open Windows Explorer to see the location of the installation (partition letters in the recovery environment and during normal system boot usually do not match), run the system file error fixer, registry editor and bootloader recovery utilities.

If the rollback to the checkpoint and auto-recovery at startup (the first and second options) did not give the desired result, the console utility often helps to increase the load of the "dozens" BCDBoot. It recreates the hidden "System Reserved" partition and copies the boot files from the Windows directory to it.

For BCDBoot to work correctly, you must specify the location of the Windows folder on your hard drive. To find out, you can use the utility diskpart, but I think it's more convenient to do this through the explorer.

So, to get into the explorer, open the command line and run notepad in it ( notepad).

While in notepad, go to the menu " File”, choose “ Open' and go to the folder ' This computer". Next, let's go through the partitions of the disk and determine which of them contains the system directory. In my example, this is drive D.

Then we return to the command line and execute the instruction:

BCDboot D:\Windows

Please note that your path to the system folder may be different.

In 80% of cases, this is enough for the "ten" to be able to start normally. But in about 20% of cases, the command does not work correctly - it does not restore all boot files. To help the utility a little, before executing the instructions on the command line, you need to format the reserved boot partition (in my example, drive C) in FAT32. This can also be done using diskpart, but I find it more convenient to use File Explorer.

The following two console commands recreate the boot records for the entire drive (MBR) and the system partition (VBR). They are used to solve problems with starting Windows on MBR disks.

Execute the commands one after the other in this order:

bootrec /fixmbr

bootrec /fixboot

If you accidentally execute them on a GPT disk, nothing bad will happen.

In some cases, startup problems arise due to damage not to boot, but to the main system files, for example, after a virus attack. As you may know, there is a special utility for fixing them in Windows. Sfc.exe. So, thanks to the command line, it can also be run in the recovery environment.

The command to find and fix errors in protected system files in the recovery environment looks like this:

sfc /scannow /offbootdir=D:\ /offwindir=D:\

Parameter offbootdir defines the location of the main boot partition (in my example, as you remember, this is drive D), and offwindir– path to the system folder.

Using the command line, you can also fix registry errors on an unbootable system. But, unlike the previous instructions, this requires certain experience and qualifications, because the user needs to know exactly what to correct and how the erroneous entries should look normal.

I will not dwell on registry errors that cause Windows 10 to fail to boot, as this is the topic of a separate large article. I will describe only the method of launching the editor regedit.exe in the recovery environment and open the registry files in it so that you have the opportunity to fix the errors that you know about.

So, to start the editor, we write the word on the command line regedit and press Enter.

You will see that some kind of registry is already present in the utility window that opens, but not the one you need. Before us is our own recovery environment registry, and we are interested in the main system.

To load Windows 10 registry files into RegEdit, select the section in the left half of the editor window HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE or HKEY_USERS, open the menu File” and click the item “ Download hive».

In the explorer window that opens after that, go to the folder D:\Windows\System32\config(your drive letter may be different) and select the desired file.

Files without an extension in the \System32\Config folder are the components (bushes) of the Windows 10 registry. The main ones are circled.

Give the hive any friendly name (it will be temporary until you unload it) and click OK.

Next, open the section into which we loaded the bush, and here it is in front of us, available for editing. In my example, this is the registry file software, which I temporarily renamed to soft_win_10.

After making edits, go back to the editor menu " File» and press « Unload bush».

Revert to a previous build

This recovery method is available for a short time (10-30 days, depending on the license terms) after updating Windows 7 or 8 to Windows 10. It is possible only if the files of the previous OS are saved, which are placed in the Windows.old folder.

When reverting to a previously installed build, the user's personal files will remain intact, but everything done after the upgrade will be undone.

Restoring a system image

Restoring an image from a backup helps to restore the system to working capacity in case of any problems, but the problem is that almost no one creates these images.

If you are an exception to the rule and a happy owner of a relatively fresh backup, select the item marked in the screenshot in the list of options,