Let's look at the meaning of some keys on the keyboard: Caps Lock, Tab, Esc (Escape), Num Lock, Del (Delete), Ins (Insert), Scroll Lock, Home, End, PageUp, PageDown, up, down, left and to the right.
In the upper right corner of the keyboard with the 101st key there are three indicator lights (in other words, three lights):
- Caps Lock – capital letter mode,
- Num Lock – number locking mode,
- Scroll Lock – scroll lock mode.
The above modes are turned on and off by pressing the keys of the same name: Caps Lock, Num Lock (abbreviated as Num Lk), Scroll Lock (abbreviated as Scr Lk).
On laptops with fewer keys, the Caps Lock key is located in the same place as on a 101-key keyboard. The Num Lock key is usually located with F11, and the Scroll Lock key is usually located with F12.
To enter Num Lock or Scroll Lock mode, press the Fn key, which is located in the lower left corner, and, without releasing it, press the Num Lock or Scroll Lock key, depending on which mode is required.
Let's take a closer look at these three modes.
Caps Lock, Tab, Esc
1) Key Caps Lock(translated as “fixation of capital letters”) on the left. 
If you do not press Caps Lock (i.e. the light is not on) and go into a text editor (for example, Word or Notepad), then when entering text, all letters (both English and Russian) will be displayed in small letters.
If you press Caps Lock (the light, or rather, the indicator light is on), then when entering text, the letters will be displayed in capitals (capital). In this mode, when you press the Shift key, lowercase (small) letters will be displayed (the exact opposite action of what is done in normal mode, when the Caps Lock light is not lit).
Caps Lock mode (or capital letter mode) is convenient when entering text consisting of such letters. To enter one large letter, it is more convenient, of course, to press the Shift key and, without releasing it, press the key with the image of the corresponding letter.
Key Tab(tab) is located above the Caps Lock key. When editing texts, Tab is usually used to move to the next tab stop, that is, after pressing Tab, the cursor moves immediately to a specified number of positions. In other programs, its functionality may change, for example, Tab can switch between query fields, etc.
Key Esc(Escape – “to run away, escape”) is located above the Tab key and is used mainly to cancel an action.
Num Lock, Del (Delete) and Backspace
2) Key Num Lock(translated as “fixing numbers”) is located on the right side of the keyboard.
It is responsible for the operation of the small numeric keypad in two modes: if the Num Lock indicator is on (i.e., pressed the Num Lock key), then the small numeric keypad operates in the mode of entering numbers from 0 to 9 and periods.
If the Num Lock indicator is not lit, then the small numeric keypad operates in cursor control mode (up, down, right, left arrows, Home, End, PageUp, PageDown). More about the Num Lock key
Key Delete("delete") or Del is usually used to delete characters to the right of the cursor. Key Backspace("step back") or a long left arrow above the Enter key usually deletes the character to the left of the cursor.
I know that some users prefer the Delete key when deleting characters, and some prefer the Backspace key. It's all a matter of habit.
Key Insert("insert") or Ins is typically used to switch between two character input modes:
- input with character expansion (insert mode) and
- input with the replacement of previously typed characters, that is, new text is entered, while the “old” text is automatically erased (replacement mode).
In MS Word 2007, insert/replace mode is disabled by default. Apparently, this was done on purpose, since accidentally pressing the Insert key led in earlier versions of Word to turn on the overwrite mode, when the old text was deleted and new text was entered in its place.
To enable insert/replace mode in MS Word 2007, click the Office button (round in the upper left corner). In the window that opens, click the “Word Options” button. Then select the “Advanced” tab, in the “Editing Options” section, check the box next to “Use the INS key to switch insert and replace modes.”
Home, End, PageUp, PageDown and arrow keys
As noted above, the Home, End, PageUp, PageDown, up, down, left and right arrow keys are called cursor keys. Clicking on them, as a rule, leads to moving the cursor in the desired direction or to “flipping through” what is on the screen.
If you press the key Home, the cursor moves to the beginning of the line. Pressing a key End, the user will move the mouse cursor to the end of the line.
Keystroke PageUp(“page up”) causes the contents of the screen to scroll, for example, when editing a document to page up. If you click on PageDown(“page down”), you can move the mouse cursor down an entire page.
Scroll Lock
3) Scroll Lock(top right on the keyboard) - widely used in the early 80s, when there was no mouse manipulator.
When the “Scroll Lock” mode was turned on, the cursor keys performed the function of moving the screen (up, down, left, right).
When the Scroll Lock mode is disabled, then the cursor keys work in the usual mode for us - changing the cursor position (up, down, left, right). Now you can see the action of this button, for example, . If you start Excel and press Scroll Lock, then the cursor keys will move the table, not the individual selected cell.
In general, the Scroll Lock key in different programs can work the way it is programmed.
Computer Literacy Exercises
1) Enter Russian and English letters in a text editor with the Caps Lock indicator on. Repeat the same while holding down the Shift key. Pay attention to which letters are displayed: lowercase or uppercase.
2) Now print with the Caps Lock indicator turned off. Then we type while holding Shift. When are lowercase and when are uppercase letters entered?
3) Look at the Num Lock operating mode. When the small numeric keypad operates in the mode of entering numbers 0, 1, ..., 9 and dots. And when does it operate in cursor control mode?
4) Copy the text of this assignment into a text editor on your computer. Place the cursor in the middle of the text. And check how characters are deleted using the Delete and Backspace keys. When are characters deleted to the left of the cursor, and when to the right of it?
5) Test the Insert key. If you have Word 2007, then you may need to first make the necessary settings to enable this mode. Place the cursor in the middle of the text. Click Insert and enter text. What happens in this case: inserting characters or replacing them (deleting old ones and entering new characters in their place)?
6) You can check the little-used Scroll Lock key. You won't need a mouse here. We go into Excel spreadsheets, enter, for example, the number 100 into the cell in the middle. Press the Scroll Lock key. In this case, you can use the arrows (up, down, left, right) to move around the table. It turns out to be a keyboard analogue of how a mouse works when moving inside an Excel window.
7) Look in a text editor at the action of the Home, End, up, down, left, right arrow keys within two or three lines. Also check the action of PageUp, PageDown - within two or more screen pages.
8) Copy a few lines into a text editor. Place the cursor at the beginning of the text and press the Tab key. If everything was done correctly, then the text should start with the “red line”.
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DESCRIPTION OF COMPUTER KEYBOARD KEYS
In this lesson I want to tell you about the purpose of keys, when you look at them it is not immediately clear what should happen when you press them. These, of course, are not alphanumeric keys, everything is clear with them - what is drawn will be displayed when pressed. True, on some alphanumeric keys, three characters are drawn, and it is also not immediately clear how to display any of them. I will also tell you in this lesson how, using which keys and in which mode to display each of the symbols drawn on the key.
Let's take a look at a regular keyboard.
The keys with which everything is more or less clear are highlighted in red; these are symbolic keys (letters, numbers, signs). The only thing I will dwell on in more detail in terms of these keys is how to display all the symbols drawn on these keys, but a little lower.
But the meaning of the keys highlighted in blue is most likely not clear to beginners. And so now I will describe the meaning of each such key separately.
I'll start from the top left corner.
"Esc" key. Reads like "Escape".
This key usually CANCELS an action. For example, if you right-click on the desktop and open the screen properties window, then pressing the “Esc” key will instantly close this window. In any game, pressing the “Esc” key will most likely exit to the game menu, and if you press this key again, the game will continue. In any browser (Internet Explorer, Opera, FireFox, etc.), when entering the address of a site, pressing the “Esc” key will return you to the original address value, to the home page address. And so on.
Just remember - THE "Esc" KEY CANCELS THE PREVIOUS ACTION!
Keys "F1-F12".
These are function keys, i.e. When you press these keys, SOME ACTION HAPPENS. These actions are different in different programs. Typically these keys are used as hot keys or in combination with other keys. For example, in most programs, the “F1” key is a call for help, help.
The key combination “Alt+F4” in Windows closes the current window. In any browser, the “F5” key is a page refresh.
"Print Screen/SysRq" key. Reads like "Print Screen".
Using this key you can take a SCREEN SHOT. Those. in fact, when you press this button, no visible actions occur, but in fact, the picture of the photographed screen goes into memory (clipboard), from where it can then be retrieved by pasting it into any graphics editor, for example “Paint” or “Photoshop”. By the way, if you press this key together with the “Alt” key (highlighted in green), i.e. “Alt+PrintScreen”, then not the entire screen will be photographed, but only the active window!
Scroll Lock key. Read as "Scroll Lock".
The essence of the action of this button is that when this button is turned on (this is indicated by the corresponding indicator light), using the cursor keys (arrow keys, Page Up, Page Down) you can move the screen image, not the cursor. In general, I found the use of this button only in ExcelE, where it really works.
Pause/Break key.
Typically, from the moment you turn on your computer until Windows loads, you only have time to see the Windows boot screen on the screen. But in fact, at the moment of loading, some information about the system is displayed on the screen (availability of RAM, hard drive capacity, etc.), so in order to BE ABLE TO SEE this information, you need to press the “PAUSE” button; to continue, you can press any button. In general, this button in combination with the “Ctrl” key was actively used at one time in DOS applications to INTERRUPT the program. Now the function of this button is performed by the TASK MANAGER.
Num Lock key.
This key Activates the NUMERIC KEYPAD, located on the right side of the keyboard. If this key is turned on (as indicated by the indicator light), then the numeric keypad will work like a calculator, i.e. When pressed, numbers will be displayed.
If this key is turned off (the indicator is not lit), then the number keys will work in a different mode. The “1” and “7” keys will work like the “End” and “Home” keys - moving the cursor to the end and beginning of the line. The “3” and “9” keys will work as the “Page Up” and “Page Down” keys - moving the cursor one screen up and down. The keys “2”, “4”, “8”, “6” will work as arrow keys, i.e. in cursor control mode.
In addition, if you set SPECIAL FEATURES for the mouse in the CONTROL PANEL, then when the “Num look” key is turned off, you can control the mouse cursor using the keys “4” - left, “6” - right, “8” - up, “2” - down.
"Page Up" and "Page Down" keys.
Using these keys you can scroll the screen up and down. Keys highlighted in blue only work if the Num Lock key is turned off (the indicator is off). These keys can and should be used in any text editor, any browser, in general, anywhere where the information does not fit on one screen in height.
Home and End keys.
Using these keys, the cursor moves to the beginning (Home key) and the end (End key) of the line. Or to the beginning and end of the list (in Explorer). Keys highlighted in blue only work if the Num Lock key is turned off (the indicator is off).
By the way, if you press the “Home” key together with the “Ctrl” key (highlighted in green), you will go directly to the first (topmost) page. And if you press the “End” key together with the “Ctrl” key, the transition will be carried out immediately to the last (bottom-most) page.
"Insert" or "Ins" key.
The "Insert" key switches between INSERT and REPLACE modes. In INSERT mode, if you type between two words, the right word will move to the right and new text will be inserted after the left word. Like this: “left” “center” “right” - I inserted the word “center” between the words “left” and “right”. And in mode
REPLACEMENTS The right word will be overwritten - replaced by the inserted word.
Like this: “left” “center”, i.e. the word “right” will be completely erased.
Sometimes you just want to disable this key, because... When typing text in WordE, you can accidentally click on this button and turn on the replacement mode, and at the moment of editing the already typed text you don’t notice how what you typed is overwritten. Therefore, I recommend that you sometimes pay attention to the status bar in WordE, there is an indication of the “Insert” key. In addition, in WordE you can disable this key altogether, but this is not covered in this lesson.
This key is also used in combination with the “Ctrl” and “Shift” keys (highlighted in green).
Key combination “Ctrl+Insert” - copying selected text. Same as “Ctrl+C”.
Key combination “Shift + Insert” - inserts selected text. Same as “Ctrl+V”.
"Delete" or "Del" key.
Using the “Delete” key you can DELETE one character from the right in any text. Or delete all selected text. Or delete a file or folder. By the way, if you delete a file using the “Shift+Delete” key combination (the “Shift” keys are highlighted in green), the file will be deleted bypassing the trash bin, i.e. it will no longer be possible to restore it from the recycle bin.
The key highlighted in blue only works if the Num Lock key is turned off (the indicator is off).
In addition, the "Del" key is used in combination with the "Ctrl" and "Alt" keys (highlighted in green). When you press the key combination “Ctrl+Alt+Del”, the “Task Manager” will open.
Cursor keys - arrows.
These keys MOVE THE CURSOR. The cursor is a blinking vertical bar in text editors or a highlighted rectangle in any file manager.
Keys highlighted in blue only work if the Num Lock key is turned off (the indicator is off).
The cursor keys can be used in combination with the Shift and Ctrl keys (highlighted in green). This is especially useful in text editors.
The key combination “Shift+right/left arrow” - selects one character from the right/left.
The key combination “Ctrl + right/left arrow” - moves the cursor one word to the right/left.
The key combination “Shift+up/down arrow” - selects one line up/down.
The key combination “Ctrl + up/down arrow” - moves the cursor one paragraph/line up/down.
BackSpace or Left Arrow key. Reads like "Backspace".
Using this key you can DELETE one character from the left or the entire selected text.
In file managers, this button is used to move one level (one folder) up. In photo viewing programs - go back one photo.
The key combination “Alt+BackSpacr” - cancels the previous action. Same as “Ctrl+Z”.
Enter key. Read as "Enter".
There are two Enter keys on the keyboard. If you often work with numbers on the numeric keypad, I recommend that you use the “Enter” key, which is located on the right, bottom part of the keyboard.
The “Enter” key is used to CONFIRM any actions, to open files, to launch programs, to go to a new line.
Shift keys. Read as "Shift".
The "Shift" key is used to SWITCH THE CASE OF CHARACTERS. Those. if the "Shift" key is pressed, then the letters will be printed in capitals. Like this: SHIFT KEY.
Additionally, the Shift key is often used in combination with the Ctrl and Alt keys. For example, the key combinations “Ctrl+Shift” or “Alt+Shift” switch the keyboard layout.
"Ctrl" keys. Read as "Control".
Alt keys. Read as "Alt".
The meanings of these keys are combined, because they really are the same. These keys are used to EXPAND FUNCTIONALITY
other keys, i.e. The "Ctrl" and "Alt" keys are used IN COMBINATIONS with other keys to perform any actions.
"Context menu" key.
Using this key CALLS THE CONTEXT MENU, exactly the same as if you pressed the RIGHT mouse button. The menu will correspond to the program you are working in, i.e. active program. Or if you press this button while on the “Desktop”, a menu corresponding to the active element of the Desktop will open.
Windows or Win key.
When you press this key, the main Windows menu opens - the START button menu.
In addition, this key is used in Windows in combination with other keys, making it easier and faster to launch any programs or perform any actions.
For example, the key combination “Win+D” minimizes all windows.
Key combination “Win+E” - launch “Explorer”. And so on. I will make a separate lesson about key combinations.
Spacebar key.
This key is used to SEPARATE between characters, words, i.e. to insert a space character - indent.
By the way, if replace mode is enabled (using the “Insert” key), the “Space” key works like the “Delete” key, i.e. erases the character on the right.
Sometimes the Spacebar is used to confirm some action, i.e. like the Enter key.
Caps Lock key. Pronounced "Caps Lock".
The “Caps Lock” key, just like the “Shift” key, is used to SWITCH THE CASE OF CHARACTERS. Those. If the Caps Lock key is turned on (the corresponding indicator is lit), then the letters will be printed in capitals. Like this: CAPS LOCK KEY.
Tab key. Reads like "Tab".
Using this key you can create a “red line” in text editors, i.e. When you press this button, several space characters are inserted at once.
Using this button you can bypass all contextual elements of the active window. This can be useful when the mouse suddenly stops working or is not there at all for some reason. To make it clearer, go to Explorer and press the “Tab” key. You will see how the cursor jumps from one context element to another.
The Tab key is also used in combination with the Alt key to switch tasks in Windows.
Now, as I promised, I’ll tell you how to display all the symbols drawn on a key.
For example, I’ll take the “?” key located near the right “Shift” key.
There are already four characters per key. The secret is in the “Shift” key and the keyboard layout.
Those. to display "." (dots) the Russian keyboard layout must be enabled.
To display “,” (comma), you need to press this key together with the “Shift” key in the Russian keyboard layout.
To display “/” (slash), you need to switch to the English layout and press this key. To display "?" (question mark) you need to press this key together with the “Shift” key in the English layout. That's the whole secret.
The same goes for other keys that have several symbols on them. For some special national symbols, you need to switch to the national layout accordingly.
Designation of keys on the keyboard
F1 - calls up Windows Help or the help window of the active program. In Microsoft Word, the Shift+F1 key combination shows text formatting;
F2- renames the selected object on the desktop or in the Explorer window;
F3- opens a search window for a file or folder on the desktop and in Explorer. The Shift+F3 key combination is often used to search backwards;
F4- opens a drop-down list, such as the address bar list in the My Computer window or in Explorer. Keyboard shortcuts Alt+F4 in Windows is used to close applications, and Ctrl+F4− is used to close part of a document or program (for example, tabs) ;
F5 - refreshes the active window of an open web page, desktop, explorer, and so on. In Microsoft PowerPoint, F5 starts the slide show from the beginning, and the key combination Shift+F5− starts from the current slide;
F6 - switch between screen elements in a window or
on the desktop. In Explorer and Internet Explorer - move between the main part
windows and address bar;
F7- checks spelling (in Word, Excel);
F8 - when loading the operating system, selects the boot mode.
In the Word editor, enables advanced text selection.
Selecting a fragment from the initial to the final cursor position occurs without holding down the Shift key.
Pressing F8 again highlights the word closest to the cursor.
The third is a sentence containing it.
The fourth is a paragraph. Fifth - document.
You can remove the last selection by pressing the key combination Shift+F8.
You can disable the mode using the Esc key;
F9 - in some programs updates selected fields;
F10- activates the full menu, and the key combination Shift+F10 activates the context menu;
F11 - switches the window to full screen mode and back, for example, in Internet Explorer;
F12 - go to selecting file saving options
(File -> Save As).
On a standard PC/AT keyboard, the alphanumeric block consists of 47 keys and includes keys for entering letters, numbers, punctuation, arithmetic, and special characters. The effect of these keys depends on the case (lower - upper) in which these keys are pressed.
The control keys Shift, Ctrl, Caps Lock, Alt and AltGr (right Alt) are also called modifier keys, since they are intended
to change the actions of other keys.
Shift (read “Shift”) is an uppercase key (non-fixed switching). Used in conjunction with other keys, such as the alphanumeric block keys for typing capital letters and uppercase characters.
Additionally, the Shift key is used as a modifier in keyboard shortcuts and mouse clicks. For example, to open a link in a separate window in a browser, you need to click on the link with the mouse button,
while holding down the Shift key.
Ctrl (read “control”) - used in combination with other keys, for example:
Ctrl+A- on Windows selects all text in the window;
Ctrl+B- in the MS Word editor switches the font to “bold-normal”;
Ctrl+C- in programs with WinAPI copies text to the buffer, and in console programs it ends the command;
Ctrl+F- in many programs opens a search dialog;
Ctrl+I- in the MS Word editor switches the font to “italic-normal”;
Ctrl+N- in programs with a multi-window interface opens a new empty window;
Ctrl+O- in many programs opens a dialog for opening an existing file;
Ctrl+P - in many programs, sends text to print or opens a print dialog;
Ctrl+Q - in some programs exit it;
Ctrl+R- in browsers refreshes the contents of the window;
Ctrl+S - in many programs saves the current file
or calls a save dialog;
Ctrl+T- in browsers opens a new tab;
Ctrl+U- in the MS Word editor toggles text underlining;
Ctrl+V- in programs with WinAPI pastes the contents of the clipboard;
Ctrl+W- in some programs closes the current window;
Ctrl+Z- in many programs undoes the last action;
Ctrl+F5- in browsers updates the content;
Ctrl+Home - in programs with a text field, moves to the beginning of the document being edited;
Ctrl+End - in programs with a text field, moves to the end of the document being edited;
Ctrl+- in Total Commander navigates to the root directory of the disk.
Alt (read “Alt”) - used in conjunction with other keys, modifying their action. For example:
Alt+F4- in all programs closes them;
Alt+F7- in some programs opens a search dialog;
Alt+F10 - in some file managers brings up the directory tree;
Alt+Tab- in Windows navigates to the next running window;
Alt+letter - in some programs calls menu commands or opens menu columns.
Additionally, the keyboard shortcuts Alt+Shift or Ctrl+Shift are commonly used to switch keyboard layouts.
Capslock (read “Capslock”) - switch to uppercase mode (fixed switching). Pressing the key again cancels this mode. Used when typing text in CAPITAL letters.
The Esc control key (read “Escape”), used to cancel the current operation or last change, minimize an application, go to the previous menu or screen, or remove a selection, is located in the left corner of the keyboard next to the function key block.
In the Windows operating system, the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Shift+Esc opens the Task Manager.
Tab (read “Tab”) - in text editors, enters a tab character and works with indentations, and in graphical interfaces moves focus between elements. For example, moving between the desktop, Start button, Quick Launch, taskbar, and system tray.
The AppsKey action is equivalent to right-clicking the mouse and brings up a context menu
for the selected object.
Line feed key Enter (Enter) - used to enter a line feed when typing text, selecting a menu item, issuing a command or confirming an action, and so on.
Backspace (read “Backspace”) - in text editing mode, deletes the character to the left of the cursor, and outside the typing area - returns to the previous screen of the program or web page in the browser.
Delete (read “Divide”) - deletes the selected object, selected text fragment
or the character to the right of the input cursor.
The Insert key (read “Insert”) is used to switch between insertion modes (the text appears to move apart) and replacement modes (new characters replace existing text) when editing text.
The Ctrl+Insert key combination replaces the “copy” command, and Shift+Insert replaces the “paste” command. In the Total Commander and FAR Manager file managers, the key is used to select a file or folder.
PrtScn (print screen) (read “Print screen”) - takes a screenshot and places it on the clipboard. In combination with the Alt key, the image is copied to the buffer
current active window.
The ScrLk (Scroll Lock) service key (read “Scroll Lock”) blocks scrolling and when activated with the cursor keys, the contents of the entire screen are shifted, which is very convenient when editing large tables, for example, in Excel.
Pause/Break (read “Pause” or “Break”) - pauses the computer. In modern operating systems, this key is only relevant when the computer boots.
The up, down, right and left arrows refer to the cursor keys and allow you to navigate through menu items and move the input cursor in the corresponding direction by one position. When combined with the Ctrl key, the arrows move a greater distance. For example, in the Microsoft Word editor, Ctrl+← moves the cursor one word to the left.
Using the Shift key selects a block of text.
The Home and End keys move the cursor to the beginning and end of the current line of a document or list of files.
What hotkeys are useful to know?
The Ctrl + Shift + Esc key combination is indispensable when the computer freezes; it calls up the “Task Manager”, with which you can end a process, cancel a task, or shut down the computer.
Alt + Tab keys allow you to switch between open windows. A panel with all open applications appears in the center of the screen, and when selecting the active window, you need to hold down the Alt key and press the Tab key several times.
The combination Alt + Space (spacebar) opens the window system menu, with which you can restore, move, maximize, minimize and close the window without using the mouse.
Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift – switch keyboard layout.
Using Win + D you can minimize all windows and show the desktop, and the Win + M keys minimize all windows except dialog windows.
Win + E opens the My Computer folder.
Win + F – opens a window to search for a file or folder.
I think it’s no secret to you that the keyboard is mainly used to enter data into a computer. But besides this, the keyboard is also used to carry out various computer control operations. Only newcomers to computers think that there are a lot of keys on the keyboard and it is impossible to remember them all. But using keyboard shortcuts greatly increases the number of actions you can perform using your keyboard.
1:1321
A regular keyboard can be divided into several areas
1:1458
At the very top of the keyboard are keys that are not used to enter data into a computer.
2:202These keys perform auxiliary actions, which are shown in the table below.
3:864Below the function key area is the symbol key area, which contains keys for entering numbers, letters, and other symbols.
3:1132 3:1141Many keys feature two or three characters each.
3:1243 3:1252The letter keys depict Russian and Latin letters, and when switching the input language to English, Latin letters will be entered, and when switching to the Russian keyboard layout, Russian letters will be entered.
There are keys in this area that are called modifier keys (Ctrl, Alt and Shift keys) . These keys are so named because they allow you to change the values of the symbol keys.
3:20073:8
For example, if there are three symbols on a key,
4:603then one of them is entered by simply pressing a key (this is the symbol “3”),
4:739the second - when pressing the symbol key and the key at the same time Shift(this is a symbol "No", if the Russian keyboard layout is selected),
4:998third character - when switching the keyboard layout to another language and simultaneously pressing the symbol key with the key Shift(this is a symbol "#" if English keyboard layout is selected).
4:1371
We haven't looked at text input yet, but I think we should introduce the concept text cursor, since the next group of keys is associated with it.
5:276 5:285Text cursor called a flashing vertical or horizontal dash, which indicates on the screen the location of the character newly entered from the keyboard. You've probably seen it if you've launched any text input program.
So, the keys for controlling the text cursor:
Just above the cursor control keys there are usually additional keys that are also related to cursor control.
6:1591 6:8The actions performed by these keys are difficult to describe without giving practical examples. Therefore, in the table below I provide a brief description of these keys, and you can use this table in the future as a reference. Come back to it when we learn how to use text editors.
6:558
On the right side of the keyboard there is an additional keyboard on which there are number keys and math keys, as well as an additional Enter key.
7:1396 7:1405The additional keyboard is activated using the NumLock key.
7:15087:8
When NumLock is disabled, an additional keyboard can be used to control the cursor— the number keys have additional inscriptions indicating the functionality of the key.
Many (but not all) keyboards have an area that contains mode indicators. These indicators light up when the corresponding key is pressed:
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We've covered the basic keyboard shortcuts, but that's not all.
8:1298 8:1307Global Keyboard Shortcuts in Windows
8:1384Ctrl + Tab ⇆ - switch between bookmarks or windows of one application;
Alt + F4 - close the active window;
Alt + Space (space) - opens the window system menu. With it you can close, minimize, maximize, move and resize a window without using the mouse;
Alt + ⇧ Shift or Ctrl + ⇧ Shift — switch language;
Ctrl + Alt + Delete - open the “Task Manager” or “Windows Security” window;
Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + Esc - open the “Task Manager” window;
Win - open/close the Start menu;
Ctrl + Esc - open/close the Start menu;
Win + D - minimize/restore all windows, including dialog windows, i.e. show the Desktop;
Win + E - open the Explorer program;
Win + R - open the “Run a program” window (“Start” --> “Run…”);
Win + F - open a search window;
Win + L - lock the computer;
Win + M - minimizes all windows except dialog windows;
Win + Pause/Break — opens the “System” window;
Print Screen - Place a screenshot of the entire screen on the clipboard. In MS-DOS it was used to print screen contents to a printer;
Alt + Print Screen — place a snapshot of the active window to the clipboard;
Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert - copy to clipboard;
Ctrl + V or ⇧ Shift + Insert - paste from the clipboard;
Ctrl + X or ⇧ Shift + Delete - cut to clipboard;
Ctrl + F - open a search window on the page
Ctrl + Z - undo (back);
Ctrl + Y - undo (forward);
Ctrl + A - select all;
Ctrl + S - save;
Ctrl + W – close the window;
Ctrl + R - refresh;
Ctrl + T - open a new tab in the browser;
Ctrl + P - print;
Ctrl + ← Backspace — delete a word (deletes to the left);
Ctrl + Delete - delete a word (deletes to the right);
Ctrl + ← / → — move the cursor back/forward one word;
⇧ Shift + Ctrl + ← / → — select a word on the left/right;
Ctrl + Home (End) — move the cursor to the beginning (end) of the text;
⇧ Shift + Ctrl + Home (End) - select to the beginning (end) of the text;
+
Alt + ← / → — back/forward;
ALT + D - select text in the browser address bar;
ALT + Double-click the left mouse button - opens the object properties window (analogous to ALT + ↵ Enter);
ALT + Tab ⇆ - makes another running application active (which was active immediately before the current one). To switch to other applications, press the Tab key ⇆ several times without releasing the ALT key. This will cause a panel to appear in the center of the screen, showing all running applications and which one will be active if you release the ALT key. Using ALT + Tab ⇆, when going to an application that has been minimized to the taskbar, that application is restored (maximized);
Alt + ⇧ Shift + Tab ⇆ — switching between active windows in the opposite direction (from the currently active one to the first one, which has become inactive, then to the second inactive one, etc. in a circle);
ALT + ESC - makes another running application active (which was active immediately before the current one). To switch to other applications, press the ESC key several times without releasing the ALT key. Unlike the ALT + Tab ⇆ combination, a panel showing all running applications will not appear in the center of the screen, and applications will be activated in the order in which they were opened. Using ALT + ESC, when going to an application that has been minimized to the taskbar, that application is not restored (not maximized). A minimized active window can be expanded by pressing the ↵ Enter key.
Win + Tab ⇆ - Switch between application buttons in the taskbar. When adding ⇧ Shift, the search goes in reverse order. In Windows 7 this combination
8:8
How to type characters on the keyboard that are not on it?
For example, the euro sign € and many others. It turns out that this is very easy to do.
9:769 9:778Press and hold the Alt key and type these numbers on the keyboard (exclusively on the right side):
Alt + 1 = ☺
Alt + 2 = ☻
Alt + 3 =
Alt + 4 = ♦
Alt + 5 = ♣
Alt + 6 = ♠
Alt + 7 = .
Alt + 8 = ◘
Alt + 9 = ○
Alt + 10 = ◙
Alt + 11 = ♂
Alt + 12 = ♀
Alt + 13 = ♪
Alt + 14 = ♫
Alt + 15 = ☼
Alt + 16 =
Alt + 17 = ◄
Alt + 18 = ↕
Alt + 19 = ‼
Alt + 20 = ¶
Alt + 21 = §
Alt + 22 = ▬
Alt + 23 = ↨
Alt + 24 =
Alt + 25 = ↓
Alt + 26 = →
Alt + 27 = ←
Alt + 28 = ∟
Alt + 29 = ↔
Alt + 30 = ▲
Alt + 31 = ▼
Alt + 177 = ▒
Alt + 987 = █
Alt + 0130 = ‚
Alt + 0132 = „
Alt + 0133 = ...
Alt + 0134 = †
Alt + 0136 = €
Alt + 0139 = ‹
Alt + 0145 = '
Alt + 0146 = '
Alt + 0147 = “
Alt+0148=”
Alt + 0149 = .
Alt + 0150 = -
Alt + 0151 = —
Alt + 0153 = ™
Alt + 0155 = ›
Alt + 0167 = §
Alt+0169=
Alt + 0171 = "
Alt + 0174 = ®
Alt + 0176 = °
Alt+0177=±
Alt + 0183 = .
Alt + 0187 = "
All keyboard functions. You should know it!
>All keyboard functions
F1— Call Windows Help. When clicked from the window of a program, it opens help for that program.
F2— Rename the selected object on the desktop or in Explorer.
F3— Open a search window for a file or folder (on the desktop and in Explorer).
F4— Open a drop-down list (for example, the address bar list in the “My Computer” window or in Explorer).
F5— Refresh the active window (open web page, desktop, explorer).
F6- Switch between screen elements in a window or on the desktop. In Explorer and Internet Explorer, move between the main part of the window and the address bar.
F7— Spell checking (in Word, Excel).
F8— When loading the OS — select the boot mode. Enable advanced text highlighting in Word. Selecting a fragment from the initial to the final cursor position occurs without holding down the Shift key. A second press of the F8 key highlights the word closest to the cursor. The third is the sentence containing it. Fourth - paragraph. Fifth - document. The easiest way to remove the last selection is by pressing the key combination Shift+F8. You can disable the mode by pressing the Esc key.
F9— In some programs, updating selected fields.
F10— Call the window menu.
F11— Switching to full screen mode and back (for example, in Internet Explorer).
F12— Go to selecting file saving options (File — Save As).
Next you will learn a lot more interesting things about the keyboard and its secrets.
Esc— cancel the last command entered, exit the window menu (remove focus) or close the open dialog.
Tab— Entering tab stops when typing. Move focus across elements. For example, moving between the desktop, Start button, Quick Launch, taskbar, and system tray. Navigate through elements (including links) of an open document. Alt+Tab - switch between windows.
Shift— uppercase key (non-fixed switching). Used simultaneously with other keys to type capital letters as well as uppercase characters.
Ctrl combinations+Shift or Alt+Shift usually used to switch keyboard layouts.
Capslock— upper case (fixed switching). Used when typing text in CAPITAL letters. Pressing the key again cancels this mode.
Alt- used in conjunction with other keys, modifying their action.
For example, Alt+letter - call a menu command or open a menu column. The corresponding letters in the menu are usually underlined (either initially, or become underlined after pressing Alt). If the menu column is already open, you can then press the key with the letter that is underlined in this command to call a specific command. The same applies to the open context menu.
Ctrl- Used in combination with other keys. For example, Ctrl+C - copy, Ctrl+V - paste, Ctrl+Alt+Del - open Windows task manager.
Win(“start”) - opens the Start menu.
AppsKey— calling the context menu for the selected object (equivalent to right-clicking the mouse).
Enter— Confirmation of choice. Same as double clicking on an object. Clicking on the currently active button in the dialog. Often - clicking on the “default” button in the dialog. When entering commands from the keyboard, complete the command entry and proceed to its execution. When typing, move to a new paragraph.
Backspace- View the folder one level up in the My Computer window or Windows Explorer window. In text editing mode, delete the character to the left of the input cursor).
Delete— Deleting the selected object, selected text fragment or character to the right of the input cursor.
Up, Down, Right and Left Arrows - Allow you to navigate through menu options. Move the input cursor in the appropriate direction by one position. The action of these keys in many programs can be modified using service keys, primarily SHIFT and CTRL.
Home— moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line of the document or to the beginning of the list of files.
End— moves the cursor to the end of the current line of the document or to the end of the list of files.
PageUp/PageDown— moving the cursor one page up or down. The term "page" usually refers to the portion of a document that is visible on the screen. Used to “scroll” the content in the current window.
Insert- Switch between insert and replace modes when editing text. If the text cursor is located inside existing text, then in insert mode new characters are entered without replacing existing characters (the text is, as it were, moved apart). In replace mode, new characters replace the text that was previously present at the input position.
PrtScn(print screen) - Takes a screenshot and places it on the clipboard. Alt+PrtScn - copying a screenshot of the currently active window (application) to the clipboard.
ScrLk(Scroll Lock) - refers to service keys. Its short description is scroll blocking. Designed for a screen display mode in which pressing the cursor keys leads to a shift not of the cursor as such, but of the entire contents of the screen. Now this key is used for this purpose very rarely, but, for example, in Excel it works. This is very convenient when editing large tables.
Pause/Break- pauses the computer (in DOS it worked everywhere, in modern operating systems - only while the computer was booting).
Numlock— Changes the numeric keypad mode. When turned on, the numeric keypad switches to digit entry mode; when turned off, the additional keyboard can be used to control the cursor.
Additional numeric keypad
These keys are a favorite among bank tellers with nimble fingers and anyone who has to type a lot of numbers. The numeric keypad resembles a calculator and is located on the right side of the keyboard. (However, you must press the Num Lock key for it to work. If you don't, you'll be stuck with the cursor keys.)
When Num Lock is turned off, the keys on the secondary numeric keypad will act as cursor keys. They show small arrows showing the direction the cursor is moving across the screen. (The number 5 key, which does not have an arrow, does nothing but combat low self-esteem.) In addition, the cursor is controlled by keys with the words “Home”, “End”, “PgUp” and “PgDn”
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